ارزیابی منظر صوتی در قلمرو اماکن مقدس، مورد مطالعاتی: بافت پیرامون حرم مطهر حضرت معصومه (س)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

2 دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2023.330004.2624

چکیده

مناظر صوتی به عنوان بخشی از کیفیت‌‌های سازنده قلمرو اماکن قدسی با قابلیت‌‌های متمایز ادراکی، رفتاری، اجتماعی و نمادین، نقش مهمی در آمادگی ذهنی زائران در سلسله‌مراتب تشرف به این اماکن دارند؛ از این رو طراحان و برنامه‌‌ریزان شهری با مدیریت صحیح منظر صوتی در انطباق با ارزش‌‌های زمینه، می‌‌توانند در غنای محیطی این قلمروهای قدسی و معنوی، ایفای نقش نمایند. امروزه تنزل اصوات خوشایند و غلبه اصوات ناخوشایند در حوزه بلافصل حرم مطهر حضرت معصومه (س)، منظر صوتی فرهنگی آن را نیازمند توجهی مضاعف نموده است؛ در این راستا، هدف نوشتار حاضر ارزیابی منظر صوتی قلمرو پیرامون این حرم مطهر می‌باشد. به منظور نیل به این هدف، از رویکرد آمیخته (کیفی و کمی) و روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی در پژوهش کاربردی حاضر استفاده شده است. ارزیابی کیفی منظر صوتی این قلمرو با استفاده از تکنیک آواگردی و ارزیابی کمی با برداشت تراز معادل مواجهه‌‌ی صوت (Leq) توسط دستگاه ترازسنج صوت SLM مدل TES 1358 در دو بازه زمانی روز و شب صورت پذیرفته است. بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق به لحاظ کمی، میانگین تراز فیزیکی مواجهه با صوت در دو بازه زمانی شب و روز، بالاتر از استانداردهای ذکرشده مصوب کمیسیون عالی محیط زیست ایران است که مقادیر عددی بیش‌تری را ساعات روز در قیاس با شب به خود اختصاص می‌‌دهند. میانگین تراز صوتی روزانه و شبانه‌ی عرصه‌‌های تشرف پیاده‌‌مدار همچون پیاده‌‌راه بهار، پیاده‌‌راه ارم، پیاده‌‌راه انقلاب و محدوده‌ی حرم مطهر در میدان آستانه و میدان امام‌‌خمینی،  وضعیت مطلوب‌تری در قیاس با سایر عرصه‌‌ها دارد و محورهای امام موسی صدر، طالقانی و به خصوص میدان ‌‌مطهری،  بالاترین مقادیر  میانگین تراز صوتی روزانه و شبانه را به خود اختصاص داده‌‌اند. همچنین در ارزیابی کیفی با توجه به نقش و روحیه معنوی و مذهبی این قلمرو، نشانه‌‌های صوتی مذهبی و فرهنگی متعددی قابل شناسایی است که حرم مطهر به عنوان اصلی‌‌ترین نشانه صوتی این قلمرو محسوب می‌‌شود اما غلبه نوفه و اصوات آنتروفونی، هویت نشانه‌‌های صوتیِ مذهبی و فرهنگی این قلمرو را تحت‌‌الشعاع قرار می‌‌دهد؛ همچنین اصوات ژئوفونی و بایوفونی متناسب با زمینه در عرصه‌‌های تشرف، سهم ناچیزی از اصوات خوشایند را به خود اختصاص می‌‌دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Soundscape in the Territory of Sacred Places, Case Study: the Peripheral Territory of the Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shirin Eslami 1
  • Bahador Zamani 2
  • Homayoon Nooraei 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran (Corresponding Author).
2 Associate Professor of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Soundscapes, as one of the qualities constituting the territory of sacred places, with distinct perceptual, behavioral, social, and symbolic features, play a key role in mentally preparing pilgrims in the hierarchy of pilgrimage to these places. Therefore, urban designers and planners can contribute to the environmental richness of these sacred and spiritual territories by properly managing the soundscape according to contextual values. Today, the decline of pleasant sounds and the dominance of unpleasant sounds in the peripheral territory of the Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh cause its cultural soundscape to require more attention. So, the present study aims to evaluate the soundscape in the peripheral territory of this holy shrine. The present study is descriptive-analytical mixed-method research. The soundscape in this territory is evaluated qualitatively using the soundwalking technique and quantitatively by measuring the Equivalent Continuous Sound Pressure Level (Leq) using a TES-1358 Sound Level Meter (SLM) in two periods of day and night. Quantitative findings indicate that the day-night equivalent sound pressure level is higher than the standards approved by the Iranian Supreme Commission for Environment, and the values obtained during the day were higher than those obtained at night. In the pedestrianized areas specified for pilgrimage to the Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh, such as the Bahar walkway, Eram walkway, Enghelab walkway, and the area surrounding the holy Shrine in Astaneh Square and Imam Khomeini Square, the average day-night sound levels were within a more favorable range compared to other areas, with Imam Musa Sadr, and Taleghani axes and especially, Motahhari Square with the highest average sound level. Moreover, considering the spiritual and religious role of this territory, qualitative findings indicate the presence of numerous religious and cultural sound marks, among which the holy shrine is considered the most significant sound mark in this territory. However, the dominance of noise and anthrophonic sounds influence the identity of religious and cultural sound marks in this territory. Moreover, geophonic and biophonic sounds appropriate to the context of this territory, account for a small part of pleasant sounds.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soundscape
  • Equivalent Sound Pressure Level
  • Soundwalking
  • the Territory of Sacred Places
  • the Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 بهمن 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 04 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 21 شهریور 1401

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