تحلیل تاثیرات توسعه معماری سنتی و غرب در تزئینات معماری خانه‌های قاجاری، مورد مطالعاتی: شهرکرمانشاه در منطقه غرب ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده‌ی معماری و هنر، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

3 استادیار گروه معماری، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2023.330667.2660

چکیده

تحولات هنر تزئینات معماری قاجاری ایران تحت تاثیر نفوذ مدرنیسم و رویکرد توسعه‌ی معماری، با رونق ارتباطات پادشاهان این دوره با جهان غرب صورت گرفت. این تغییرات در تزئینات خانه‌های قاجاری کرمانشاه در بخش گسترده‌ای از بافت تاریخی نمود یافت؛ در این پژوهش، چگونگی کاربرد تزئینات به‌طور اخص در خانه‌های‌ قاجاری شهر کرمانشاه‌ و تحلیل میزان تاثیرگذاری الگوهای توسعه معماری در تزئینات خانه‌ها به‌عنوان پرسش‌های اساسی تحقیق مطرح شده است که تاکنون مورد ارزیابی قرار نگرفته است. شیوه تحقیق این پژوهش تاریخی- تفسیری انتخاب شده و طی مراحل«بررسی الگوهای تزئینات و تعیین مولفه‌های‌ تاثیرپذیری از معماری سنتی و غرب در خانه‌ها»؛ «تحلیل تطبیقی چگونگی و میزان تاثیرگذاری معماری سنتی و غرب در تزئینات خانه‌های قاجاری کرمانشاه» و «تبیین و ارزیابی چگونگی و میزان الگوپذیری تزئینات از معماری سنتی و غرب در خانه‌ها» صورت گرفته است. تحلیل موضوع در این نوشتار در مرحله شناسایی، سازماندهی و ارزیابی به‌صورت تطبیقی میسر شده است. تحلیل و جمع‌بندی نتایج حاصل از یافته‌های فرآیند ارزیابی شاخصه‌های اصلی متأثر از معماری سنتی و غرب در این پژوهش نشانگر آن است که، تحولات و الگوپذیری تزئینات خانه‌های قاجاری کرمانشاه به صورت تحولات کاربردی، طی سه دوره‌ی‌ معماری با سبک‌های سنتی، غربی و تلفیقی متجلی شده است. در دوره‌ی اول با الهام از گذشتگان و حفظ هویت تحت تاثیر مولفه‌های تزئینات معماری سنتی ایران، در دوره‌ی دوم همزمان با آغاز تاثیرات معماری غرب در ایران، تحت تأثیر مولفه‌های تزئینات معماری غرب و در دوره‌ی سوم با الهام از گذشتگان و الگوبرداری از معماری غرب به‌صورت تزئینات تلفیقی نمود یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the Effects of Traditional and Western Architecture Development on Architectural Decorations of Qajar Houses; Case Study: Kermanshah City in the West District of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Pegah Chaleshgar 1
  • Mojgan Khakpour 2
  • Ali Asgharzadeh 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Architecture& Art Branch, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Developments in the decoration art of Qajar architecture in Iran were influenced by modernism and architectural development approaches after the kings of this period enhanced their communications with the Western world. These changes in decorations or ornaments of the Qajar houses in Kermanshah appeared in a wide area of historical fabric. This paper asks how these decorations are used especially in the Qajar houses of Kermanshah City, Iran, and how much architectural development patterns influence the ornaments of these houses. The mentioned questions have not been evaluated in previous studies. Research method of this study is historical-interpretive that is done through following steps: “examining the patterns of decorations and determining the components influenced by traditional and western architectures in the houses,” “comparative analysis of the method and extent of the influence of traditional and western architecture on decorations of Qajar houses in Kermanshah,” and “explaining and evaluating how and how much the decoration patterns are influenced by the traditional and western architecture in Qajar houses in Kermanshah." Thematic analysis of this study was done through comparative identification, organization, and evaluation. Analysis and summarization of results obtained from the process of evaluating the main indicators influenced by traditional and Western architecture in this study show that developments and influence on the decorations of Qajar houses in Kermanshah have been manifested as practical developments during three periods of architecture, including traditional, western, and mixed patterns. These developments have been influenced by ancestors and kept the identity under the influence of decoration components of Iran's traditional architecture in the first period, while these developments have appeared with the beginning of influences of Western architecture in Iran influenced by components of Western architecture ornaments during the second period. In the third period, these developments appeared as mixed ornaments under the influence of ancestors and Western architecture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Decorations
  • Architecture
  • Qajar Houses
  • Kermanshah
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