میزان اثربخشی کلکتورهای آب گرم و سلول‌های خورشیدی بر گرمایش و کاهش مصرف انرژی در مدارس ابتدایی ارومیه، مورد مطالعاتی: مدرسه ابتدایی دخترانه در شهر ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شرق، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شرق، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

10.22034/aaud.2023.338109.2651

چکیده

با افزایش بحران زیست‌محیطی، استفاده از انرژی خورشیدی اهمیت ویژه‌ای پیدا کرد که بتواند گامی موثر برای کاهش آلودگی ناشی از سوخت‌ها و مصرف انرژی باشد. لذا استفاده از تکنولوژی‌های نوین در معماری فضاهای آموزشی امری ضروری محسوب می‌شود. استفاده از سامانه سلول‌های خورشیدی (سیستم‌ فتوولتائیک)1 و کلکتور2 آب گرم که تاثیر به‌سزایی در گرمایش دارند می‌تواند در این راستا مفید واقع شود. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی میزان اثربخشی این دو مولفه بر گرمایش و کاهش مصرف انرژی در بناهای آموزشی اقلیم سرد وکوهستانی می‌باشد. در پژوهش فوق، در گام نخست با بهره‌گیری از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی به استخراج مولفه‌های موثر پرداخته شد. در مرحله دوم، ابتدا آبگرمکن خورشیدی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار تیسول3 به صورت دینامیک در اقلیم ارومیه مورد شبیه‌سازی قرار گرفته است سپس یکی از مدارس موجود در ارومیه بررسی و آنالیز شد و با شبیه‌سازی ساختمان آموزشی طراحی‌شده‌ی پیشنهادی در دیزاین بیلدر و مدلسازی آبگرمکن‌های خورشیدی و سلول‌های فتوولتائیک بر روی بنا، میزان اثربخشی و عملکرد آن‌ها بر گرمایش، انرژی تولیدی و درصد تامین آب گرم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. طبق نتایج به‌دست آمده در آبگرمکن خورشیدی مقدار تأمین آب گرم ۳.‏۸۱ درصد، راندمان این سیستم ۹.‏۴۹ درصد و گاز صرفه‌جویی‌شده معادل ۲۶۷۰ متر مکعب خواهد بود. انرژی تولیدی توسط سامانه سلول‌های خورشیدی در نیروگاه روی پشت بام ۴۷ درصد و در نیروگاه دیوارهای ضلع جنوب ۳.‏۲۲ درصد برق مصرفی ساختمان را در طول سال تامین می‌کند و در نتیجه‌ی مقایسه حالت موجود با حالت طراحی‌شده پیشنهادی، صرفه‌جویی کل 80.3 درصد بود؛ بنابراین کلکتورهای آب گرم و سلول‌های فتوولتائیک تاثیر چشمگیری در به حداقل رساندن انرژی‌های ساختمان‌های آموزشی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effectiveness of Hot Water Collectors and Photovoltaic Cells in Heating and Reducing Energy Consumption in Elementary Schools located in Urmia; Case Study: Female Elementary School in Urmia City

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Azemati 1
  • Shahrzad Haji Razzaghi 2
  • Sara Taher Sima 1
1 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 M.A. of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
چکیده [English]

After the rising environmental crisis, solar energy use became a significant, effective measure in reducing the pollution caused by fuels and energy consumption. Hence, it is necessary to adopt modern technologies in the architecture of educational spaces. Solar cell systems (photovoltaic (PV) systems) and hot water collectors have a considerable impact on heating providing usefulness in this case. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of these two components in heating and reducing energy consumption in educational buildings located in cold and mountainous climates. In this study, the first step is to extract effective components using library and documentary studies. In the second step, the solar water heater is first simulated using TSOL software through the dynamic method in the Urmia climate, and then one of the schools located in Urmia is assessed and analyzed. By simulating the proposed educational building designed in Design Builder and modeling the solar water heaters and PV cells on the building, their effectiveness and function are examined in heating, output energy, and hot water supply (%). According to the results, in the solar water heater, the hot water supply equals 81.3%, the efficiency of this system equals 49.9% and saved gas equals 2670m3. The energy produced by the PV system supplies 47% of the electricity consumption in the rooftop power plant, while supplies 22.3% in the power plant of south side walls. According to the comparison between the current mode and the proposed designed mode, total savings equaled 80.3%. Therefore, hot water collectors and PV cells have a significant effect on the minimization of energy in educational buildings.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Active Solar System
  • Hot Water Collectors
  • Photovoltaic Cells
  • Energy Consumption Reduction
  • Educational Spaces
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