تبیین فضامندی در بناهای قدسی ایران، نگرشی به محیط داخلی و بیرونی مساجد معاصر، مورد مطالعاتی: مسجدالرضا و مسجد الغدیر تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

10.22034/aaud.2023.337109.2648

چکیده

هنر قدسی در قلب هنر سنتی پنهان است و به طور مستقیم با حقیقت و رمزپردازی الهی ارتباط دارد، ضمن آن‌که کالبد معماری قدسی را به ذات نهانی متصل می‌کند. از این رو هدف پژوهش تبیین فضامندی در مساجد دوران معاصر ایران به واسطه عناصر مادی ادراکات حسی در محیط است تا بتواند کیفیت محیط بیرونی مساجد این دوره را تبیین نماید. فرضیه مطرح در نیل به این هدف این است که میان فضامندی و ادراکات حسی رابطه‌ای مستقیم برقرار است و عناصر کالبدی در محیط بیرونی مساجد معاصر ایران موجب شکل‌گیری این فضامندی می‌شوند. پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش تحقیق کیفی، با رویکرد فلسفی و استدلال استقرایی و همچنین استفاده از شیوه گردآوری کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی به این نتیجه رسید که فضامندی در مسجد الغدیر و مسجدالرضا تهران بر اساس عناصر فیزیکی واقع در محیط بیرونی، نمادها، فرم و حضور انسان در این فضا، همسو و هم‌اندازه با مجسم نمودن امر مادی می‌باشد و متناسب با حرکت و پویایی در محیط همراه با ادراکات حسی ایجاد می‌شود. در مسجد الغدیر شهر تهران، زائر با فضایی محدود درگیر است و در هیچ لحظه از حرکت در فضا، تجربه‌ی نوینی از حرکت در فضا را حس نمی‌کند. در مسجدالرضا شهر تهران نیز محیط بیرونی این مسجد، به دلیل نوع فرم و مصالح به‌کار رفته، در جهت بهبود ادراکات حسی زائران از محیط بیرونی و سیر به عالم عرفان ساخته نشده است و از این رو برای زائر همچون مسجد الغدیر تهران، بازنمایی‌ای از محیط عرفانی را به همراه ندارد. بنابراین در مسجد الغدیر تهران و مسجدالرضا تهران، هندسه و حجم‌گرایی اهمیت بیش‌تری را نسبت به قبله در جهت سازماندهی فضایی محیط بیرونی دارند و لذا با حضور در این مساجد، مفهوم سرمدیت و ازلیت به زائران القاء نمی‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining Spatiality in Scared Buildings of Iran, a View of the Internal and External Environment of Contemporary Mosque; Case Study: Al-Reza Mosque and Al-Ghadir Mosque in Tehran, Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • Ali Mashhadi
Assistant Professor of Architecture Department, Branch of Art and Architecture, University of Science and Culture (Corresponding Author).
چکیده [English]

Sacred art is hidden at the heart of traditional art and is directly related to the truth and divine encryption while linking the body of holy architecture to the covert essence. Hence, this study aims to explain spatiality in contemporary mosques of Iran based on the material elements of sensory perceptions available in the setting to find the quality of the external environment or exterior of the contemporary mosques. For this purpose, a hypothesis is designed indicating a direct relationship exists between spatiality and sensory perceptions, and physical elements in the external environment of contemporary mosques in Iran shape this spatiality. Using qualitative research methods, philosophical approach, and inductive reasoning as library and field methods for data collecting, the present study concluded that spatiality in Al-Ghadir and Al-Reza Mosques in Tehran is in line and in size of embodying the material affair based on the physical elements located in the external environment, symbols, form, and human presence in this space, and is created regarding the movement and dynamism in the environment along with sensory perceptions. In Al-Ghadir Mosque of Tehran, the pilgrim is involved in a limited space and does not feel any new experience of moving in the space at any moment when moving in the space. In the Al-Reza Mosque of Tehran, the form and materials used in the external environment of this mosque indicate that it has not been constructed to improve pilgrims' sensory perceptions of the external environment and help them to travel to the world of mysticism. Hence, this mosque does not represent a mystical environment for pilgrims as much as the setting provided by Al-Ghadir Mosque. In Al-Ghadir and Al-Reza Mosques, therefore, geometry and volumetricity (cubism) are more important than Qibla for the spatial arrangement of the external environment; hence, the concept of eternity is not conveyed to the pilgrims when attending these mosques.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Spatiality
  • Sacred Building
  • Sensory Perceptions
  • Al-Ghadir Mosque in Tehran
  • Al-Reza Mosque in Tehran
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