نقش قابلیت فضاهای باز بر الگوهای فعالیتی گروه‌های سنی مختلف، مورد مطالعاتی: مجتمع مسکونی اکباتان

منصورحسینی, ندا; جوان‌فروزنده, علی; مطلبی, قاسم; یعقوبی, معصومه

doi:10.22034/aaud.2023.327860.2626

نقش قابلیت فضاهای باز بر الگوهای فعالیتی گروه‌های سنی مختلف، مورد مطالعاتی: مجتمع مسکونی اکباتان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دکتری تخصصی معماری، گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران.

² ستادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

³ دانشیار گروه معماری، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

⁴ استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2023.327860.2626

چکیده

توجه به مولفه‌های محیطی، ارتباط انسان و محیط در طراحی معماری از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. در پژوهش‌های مختلف به بررسی مفاهیم متعدد تاثیرگذار در این رابطه، و کاربرد آن در فرآیند طراحی معماری پرداخته شده است. یکی از تاثیرگذارترین مفاهیم در این رابطه مفهوم قابلیت1 می‌باشد. علی‌رغم پژوهش‌های متعدد در حوزه ارتباط انسان و محیط، کم‌تر به مفهوم قابلیت محیط در معماری و ارائه ساختارهای تاثیرگذار این مفهوم، در شکل‌گیری دستورالعمل‌های طراحی پرداخته شده است. این مقاله با تاکید بر اهمیت مفهوم قابلیت در طراحی محیطی به بررسی ابعاد و وجوه این مفهوم و ارتباط ساختاری آن با مولفه‌های فعالیت، کالبد و معنا در مکان می‌پردازد. بدین منظور، مقاله به تبیین قابلیت فضاهای باز (به عنوان هسته‌های اصلی شکل‌دهنده معنا) در مجتمع مسکونی اکباتان، پرداخته و با ارائه مدل ارتباطی مولفه‌های قابلیت در طراحی به بررسی نقش مولفه‌ها و تاثیر آن‌ها در طراحی می‌پردازد. پژوهش حاضر کمی- کیفی و از نوع کابردی می‌باشد. در این مقاله پس از جمع‌آوری داده‌ها و تلخیص آن‌ها اقدام به دسته‌بندی داده‌های آماری گردید. که این کار با تشکیل جداول توزیع فراوانی فعالیت‌ها انجام گردیده، و سپس اطلاعات کمی حاصل از پرسش‌نامه از طریق نرم افزار تحلیلی- آماری SPSS20 تجزیه و تحلیل گردیده است. در نهایت رابطه، تاثیر و تفاوت بین متغیرها به صورت میزان همبستگی سنجیده شده است. بخش دیگری از یافته‌های کیفی تحقیق از طریق داده‌های استخراج‌شده از مصاحبه نیمه سازمان‌یافته و مشاهده استخراج گردیده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد، مفهوم قابلیت نقش اساسی در ایجاد پیوند بین کاربران و محیط‌های مسکونی داشته و این مفهوم در گروه‌های سنی کودکان و نوجوانان به سمت ابعاد ذهنی- شناختی قابلیت بوده و در گروه‌های سنی بزرگسالان و سالمندان عمدتاً بر جنبه‌های کالبدی- فعالیتی قابلیت فضا می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Role of Outdoor Space Affordances in the Activity Patterns of Various Age Groups; Case Study: Ekbatan Residential Complex

نویسندگان [English]

Neda Mansour Hosseini ¹
Ali Javan Forouzandeh ²
Ghasem Motalebi ³
Masoumeh Yaqoubi ⁴

¹ Ph.D. Candidate of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Technical and Engineering Faculty, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

² Assistant Professor of Architecture, Technical and Engineering Faculty, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran (Corresponding Author).

³ Associate Professor of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ Assistant Professor of Architecture, Technical and Engineering Faculty, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

چکیده [English]

It is highly important to focus on environmental components and the human-environment relationship in architectural design. The literature has investigated various concepts affecting this relationship and its application in the architectural design process. One of the most influential concepts in this connection is the concept of affordance. Despite many studies conducted on the relationship between human and the environment, the concept of an environmental affordance in architecture and constructs affecting this concept in forming design guidelines have less received attention. This article aimed to investigate the significance of affordance in environmental design to examine the aspects of this concept and its structural relationship with the components of activity, fabric and meaning. For this, the article aimed to explain the affordances of outdoor spaces (as building blocks constituting meaning) in the Ekbatan Residential Complex and presented a communication model of affordance components in design to examine the role of these components and their impacts on design. This study fell under quantitative and qualitative research and was an applied study. After data were collected and summarized, the article began to classify statistical data, which was performed by tabulating the frequency distribution of activities. Quantitative data of the questionnaires were then analyzed by the statistical-analytical SPSS software. In sum, the correlation relationship, effects and differences between the variables were measured. Another section of qualitative findings resulted from data extracted from semi-structured interviews and observations. Findings revealed that the concept of affordance played a major role in linking users and residential environments. This concept tends to focus on subjective-cognitive dimensions in children and adolescents, while stressing physical and activity aspects of space affordances in adults and the elderly.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Activity
(Subjective-Objective) Affordance
Outdoor Spaces of Residential Complexes
Ekbatan Township

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