ارزیابی عدالت فضایی در اسناد توسعه شهری و آثار توزیعی آن، مورد مطالعاتی: شهر ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و هنر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز، تبریز، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

3 کارشناسی مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه آزاد واحد ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2023.337238.2649

چکیده

برای ارزیابی و نهادینه‌سازی عدالت بایستی مدیریت شهری توأمان به ساختارها و فرآیندهای تصمیم‌سازی (عدالت ساختاری) و نتایج و آثار و پیامدهای توسعه (عدالت توزیعی) توجه کند که ارزیابی آن در شهر ارومیه، هدف اصلی مقاله حاضر است. پژوهش حاضر، یک تحقیق بنیادی- کاربردی، قیاسی- استقرایی، ترکیبی (کمی و کیفی) و کتابخانه‌ای مبتنی بر مطالعه موردی است که داده‌های موردنیاز آن از آخرین اسناد و گزارش‌های طرح جامع ارومیه و آخرین اطلاعات سرشماری مرکز آمار سال 1395 به‌دست‌آمده است. در پژوهش حاضر برای بررسی عدالت توزیعی از تراکم کرنل، شاخص نزدیک‌ترین همسایگی، قابلیت دستیابی ساکنان به خدمات و در نهایت رتبه‌بندی نواحی ارومیه از حیث دسترسی به خدمات با مدل ماباک (در نرم‌افزار GIS) و برای بررسی عدالت ساختاری به بازخوانی اسناد طرح جامع ارومیه با روش تحلیل گفتمان کیفی مبتنی بر شبکه نشانه‌شناسی فردینان دوسوسور استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان داد که سند طرح جامع ارومیه در مجموع سطح بسیار پایینی و حداقلی از عدالت را مدنظر قرار داده است و این موضوع (عدالت) را از زوایای کم‌تری مورد توجه قرار داده است و تعبیر سند از عدالت فضایی بیش‌تر بر بعد کالبدی معطوف است. در رابطه با ارزیابی عدالت توزیعی باید گفت که نابرابری‌های زیادی بین مناطق و نواحی شهر ارومیه از حیث توزیع فضایی و دسترسی ساکنین به خدمات وجود دارد. درواقع پراکنش کاربری‌ها و توزیع آن‌ها عادلانه نیست و غالباً در نواحی مرکزی متمرکز شده‌اند و لذا دسترسی ساکنین به‌ویژه نواحی حاشیه‌نشین به خدمات بسیار نامناسب می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Spatial Justice in Documents of Urban Development and Its Distribution Impacts; A Case Study: Urmia City

نویسندگان [English]

  • Karam Safari 1
  • Akbar Abdollzadeh Taraf 2
  • Mojtaba Jafari 3
1 Ph.D. in Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Art, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Assistant professor of urban planning Department, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Bachelor of Civil Engineering, Urmia Azad University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Urban management should pay attention to the structures and decision-making processes (structural justice) and the outcomes and impacts of development (distributive justice) simultaneously to evaluate and institutionalize justice. Its evaluation in Urmia City is the primary goal of this article. The present study is a fundamental-applied, comparative-inductive, combined (quantitative and qualitative), and library research based on a case study. The required data were obtained from the latest documents and reports of the Urmia’s master plan and the latest census data of the Statistics Center of 2016. In the present study, to investigate distributive justice, kernel density, the nearest neighborhood index, and the capability of residents to access services were used. In this regard, Urmia districts in terms of access to services were also ranked using the MABAC model (in GIS software). To investigate structural justice, Urmia’s master plan documents were reviewed using qualitative discourse analysis based on the semiotic network of Ferdinand de Saussure. The results revealed that the Urmia’s master plan document has considered a very low and minimum level of justice and has paid attention to this issue (justice) from fewer angles, and the document's interpretation of spatial justice is more focused on the physical dimension. Concerning the evaluation of distributive justice, there are many inequalities between the districts of Urmia city in terms of spatial distribution and residents' access to services. In other words, the distribution of land uses is not fair and they are often concentrated in the central regions. Thus, the access of the residents, especially the marginal regions, to services is very inappropriate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Spatial Justice
  • Urban Management
  • Structural Justice
  • Distributive Justice
  • Urmia’s Master Plan City
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