ارزیابی ایمنی لرزه‌ای خانه‌های تاریخی شهر تبریز مطابق دستورالعمل‌های DPCM ایتالیا، مورد مطالعاتی: خانه علی مسیو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد استحکام بخشی بناهای تاریخی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی، تبریز، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

10.22034/aaud.2023.344334.2676

چکیده

هر ساله چندین بنای تاریخی به دلیل بلایای طبیعی از جمله زلزله در معرض خطر آسیب قرار می‌گیرند. حیاتی‌ترین اقدام قبل از تقویت و مرمت بناهای تاریخی، ارزیابی ایمنی لرزه‌ای آن‌ها جهت شناسایی ضعف‌های موجود است. ایتالیا از اولین کشور‌هایی است که به منظور ارزیابی بناهای تاریخی دستورالعملی اختصاصی تحت عنوان «دستورالعمل‌های ایتالیا جهت ارزیابی و کاهش خطر لرزه‌ای» (DPCM) منتشر کرده است. این دستورالعمل شامل سه سطح ارزیابی است و همچنین برای سه دسته از بناهای مختلف کاربرد دارد. نتایج محاسبات دستی این دستورالعمل (سطح اول) در کوتاه‌ترین زمان ممکن می‌تواند وضعیت کلی بنا را جهت انجام فعالیت‌های مرمتی نشان دهد. در کشور ما ایران، چنین دستورالعملی درخصوص بناهای تاریخی موجود نیست، بنابراین در این مطالعه پژوهشی جهت اعلام نیاز به توسعه‌ی دستورالعملی جهت ارزیابی بناهای تاریخی در ایران، وضعیت ایمنی خانه تاریخی علی مسیو شهر تبریز در حالت حد نهایی (SLU)و حالت حد آسیب‌پذیری (SLD) بر اساس محاسبات دستی و محاسبات عددی پیشنهاد‌شده در دستورالعمل DPCM ایتالیا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آنالیز پوش‌آور بنا (مدل‌سازی عددی) بر اساس مدل‌سازی سه‌بعدی به روش قاب معادل در نرم‌افزار 3MURI.13 انجام شد. براساس یافته‌های حاصل از هر دو سطح ارزیابی، مقایسه بین نتایج به‌دست آمده انجام شد. در نتیجه، داده‌های حاصله از هر دو سطح ارزیابی خانه تاریخی علی مسیو نشان داد که این بنا در حالت حد نهایی ایمن نمی‌باشد، اما در حالت حد آسیب‌پذیری ایمنی مناسبی را نشان می‌دهد. علاوه بر این، نکته قابل توجه نتایج به‌دست آمده این بود که محاسبات دستی ارائه‌شده در دستورالعمل ایتالیا محافظه‌کارانه‌تر عمل می‌کند به دلیل این‌که مقدار شاخص ایمنی و مقاومت برشی بناها را کم‌تر از مقادیر به‌دست آمده از محاسبات عددی ارائه می‌دهد. اما این نکته قابل ذکر است که روشی مفید و کاربردی پیش از انجام فعالیت‌های مرمتی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Seismic Safety Assessment of Historical Houses of Tabriz Based on Italian DPCM Guidelines; Case Study: Ali Monsieur House

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Gholami 1
  • Farhad Akhoundi 2
1 M.A. in Strengthening of Historical Constructions, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development, Islamic Art University of Tabriz, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development, Islamic Art University of Tabriz, Iran (Corresponding Author).
چکیده [English]

Each year, many historical buildings are threatened by the risk of damages due to natural disasters, including earthquakes. The key step before retrofitting and restoring historical buildings is to provide a seismic safety assessment of these structures to identify their weaknesses. Italy is one of the pioneering countries that has released a special guideline under the title of “Italian guidelines for evaluation and mitigation of seismic risk to cultural heritage(DPCM)” in order to assess historical buildings. This guideline includes three levels of assessment and is also used for three classes of various buildings. Manual computation results of this guideline at the first level can demonstrate the general status of the building in the shortest time possible for restorative activities. In Iran, no such a guideline is available for historical buildings. Therefore, this study called for developing a guideline for assessing historical buildings in Iran, while examining the safety status of the historical Ali monsieur House of Tabriz City under the Ultimate Limit State (SLU) and Damage Limit State (SLD) based on manual and numerical computations proposed by the Italian DPCM guideline. Pushover analysis (numerical modeling) was carried out based on equivalent frame model three-dimensional modeling in 3MURI.13 software. Findings of the two levels of assessment were used to compare the obtained results. In sum, data from assessing both levels of Ali monsieur House revealed that this building was not safe under the ultimate limit state, but demonstrated good safety under the damage limit state. Notably, the manual computations offered in the Italian guideline served more conservatively because they provided safety index and shear strength values of the buildings less than those obtained from numerical computations. However, it is considered a useful and applied method prior to carrying out restorative measures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Seismic Safety
  • Historical House
  • DPCM
  • Ali Monsieur House
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